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On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called Gnosis
''On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called Gnosis'', today also called ''On the Detection and Overthrow of Knowledge Falsely So Called''〔e.g. Peter Drilling ''Premodern faith in a postmodern culture'' 2006 p73 "But eventually The Detection and Overthrow of Knowledge Falsely So-Called (the actual title of what is commonly known as Against Heresies) expanded from two volumes to five." Robert Lee Williams ''Bishop lists'' 2005 p123 "Irenaeus recorded the bishops of the Roman church in the third of his five books entitled Detection and Overthrow of Knowledge Falsely So-Called"〕 (, lit. "Elenchus and Overturning of the Pseudonymous Knowledge"), commonly called ''Against Heresies'' (Latin: ''Adversus haereses'', ), is a five-volume work written by St. Irenaeus in the 2nd century. The final phrase "of knowledge falsely so-called" (Greek: ''tes pseudonymou gnoseos'' genitive case; or nominative case ''pseudonymos gnosis''〔(irregular nom f. sg. )〕) is a quotation of the apostle Paul's warning against "knowledge falsely so-called" in 1 Timothy 6:20.〔Dominic J. Unger, John J. Dillon - 1992 ''St. Irenaeus of Lyons Against the heresies,'' Vol.1 p3 "the final phrase of the title "knowledge falsely so-called" is found in 1 Timothy 6:20.〕
Due to its reference to Eleutherus as the current bishop of Rome, the work is usually dated .〔Schaff, Philip (2001) [] "[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.i.html Introductory Note to Irenæus Against Heresies]", ''Ante-Nicene Fathers'', Volume I, ''Against Heresies'', William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.〕 In it Irenaeus identifies and describes several schools of gnosticism and contrasts their beliefs with what he describes as catholic (universal), orthodox Christianity. Only fragments of the original Greek text exist, but a complete copy exists in a wooden Latin translation, made shortly after its publication in Greek, and Books IV and V are also present in a literal Armenian translation.
==Purpose==
The purpose of ''Against Heresies'' was to refute the teachings of various Gnostic groups; apparently, several Greek merchants had begun an oratorial campaign praising the pursuit of "''Valentinians remained part of the early Christian church, taking part in regular church celebrations despite their radical differences. It is also said that Gnostics would secretly meet outside of regular church activity where they would discuss their "secret knowledge" and scripture that pertains to it. As bishop, Irenaeus felt compelled to keep a close eye on the Valentinians and to safeguard the church from them. In order to fulfil this duty, Irenaeus educated himself and became well informed of Gnostic doctrines and traditions.〔cite book amongst the earliest non-controversial confirming documentations for many of the sayings of Jesus and the Letters of Paul.
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